SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    23852, 23851, 23853, 23828, 23836, 23829, 
    23830, 23838, 23831, 23839, 23832, 
    23840, 23833, 23841, 23834, 23842, 
    21580, 21581, 21582, 21140, 21141, 
    21142, 21143, 21535
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1 
  AND cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.company_id = 1

Query time 0.00048

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "17",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "product_id",
            "lang_code",
            "company_id",
            "storefront_id"
          ],
          "rows": 24,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.company_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (23852,23851,23853,23828,23836,23829,23830,23838,23831,23839,23832,23840,23833,23841,23834,23842,21580,21581,21582,21140,21141,21142,21143,21535) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}