SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    450, 884, 1017, 885, 1066, 1135, 942, 
    1088, 833, 1087, 755, 844, 939, 1016, 
    941, 792, 481, 479, 961, 1022, 950, 1100, 
    1179, 1162, 1157, 786, 435, 693, 745, 
    468, 758, 594, 743, 713, 497, 659, 500, 
    837, 1028, 1032, 430, 794, 741, 582, 
    828, 768, 1112, 434, 760, 765, 489, 744, 
    574, 429, 782, 952, 522, 774, 819, 784, 
    448, 499, 498, 726, 415, 414, 1021, 1166, 
    1131, 1169, 1156, 1168, 1171, 1094, 
    1186, 1097, 1106, 1182, 1107, 1109, 
    1108, 1105, 1185, 1104, 1181, 1103, 
    1102, 1134, 1098, 1184, 1183, 1192, 
    1188, 493
  )

Query time 0.00264

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "possible_keys": ["parent"],
          "rows": 525,
          "filtered": 29.90476227,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_categories.parent_id in (450,884,1017,885,1066,1135,942,1088,833,1087,755,844,939,1016,941,792,481,479,961,1022,950,1100,1179,1162,1157,786,435,693,745,468,758,594,743,713,497,659,500,837,1028,1032,430,794,741,582,828,768,1112,434,760,765,489,744,574,429,782,952,522,774,819,784,448,499,498,726,415,414,1021,1166,1131,1169,1156,1168,1171,1094,1186,1097,1106,1182,1107,1109,1108,1105,1185,1104,1181,1103,1102,1134,1098,1184,1183,1192,1188,493)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}