SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    884, 1066, 833, 844, 939, 941, 479, 950, 
    1179, 1162, 1028, 434, 429, 952, 774, 
    448, 498, 414, 1183, 1192, 493
  )

Query time 0.00015

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["parent"],
          "key": "parent",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["parent_id"],
          "rows": 84,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "cscart_categories.parent_id in (884,1066,833,844,939,941,479,950,1179,1162,1028,434,429,952,774,448,498,414,1183,1192,493)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}