SELECT 
  variant_id, 
  yml2_unit 
FROM 
  cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions 
WHERE 
  variant_id IN (
    '4772', '4764', '1858', '3099', '3700', 
    '1859', 'Y', '1959', '1952', '1979', 
    '1899', '1860'
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru'

Query time 0.00045

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "9",
          "used_key_parts": ["variant_id", "lang_code"],
          "rows": 12,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.variant_id in ('4772','4764','1858','3099','3700','1859','Y','1959','1952','1979','1899','1860') and cscart_product_feature_variant_descriptions.lang_code = 'ru'"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}