SELECT 
  product_id, 
  feature_short_desc 
FROM 
  cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    12102, 12060, 8954, 8904, 9240, 9026, 
    8965, 8942, 9405, 8898, 9412, 9432, 
    8863, 9427, 8947, 9027, 8875, 17987, 
    9421, 8934, 8886, 9242, 8758, 13275
  ) 
  AND lang_code = 'ru' 
  AND storefront_id = 1 
  AND cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.company_id = 1

Query time 0.00064

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "17",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "product_id",
            "lang_code",
            "company_id",
            "storefront_id"
          ],
          "rows": 24,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.storefront_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.company_id = 1 and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.product_id in (12102,12060,8954,8904,9240,9026,8965,8942,9405,8898,9412,9432,8863,9427,8947,9027,8875,17987,9421,8934,8886,9242,8758,13275) and cscart_ab__short_desc_from_features_values.lang_code = 'ru'"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}